Proper pruning is essential for most fruit-bearing plants to ensure a bountiful harvest. In this guide, we’ll explain when and how to prune your kiwi plant effectively.
Kiwi Care Overview
Kiwi plants belong to the Actinidia genus and are perennial, woody climbing plants. The most common commercial variety is Actinidia deliciosa, while home gardeners often grow the hardier Weiki kiwi (Actinidia arguta). Despite some differences, the basic pruning techniques are applicable to all Actinidia species and resemble those used for grapevines.
When Is the Best Time to Prune Kiwi Plants?
For healthy plants and abundant fruit production, kiwi plants should be pruned twice a year:
- Spring Pruning
- Timing: Late January to March, depending on your region (start in late February for colder climates).
- Conditions: Always prune on frost-free, dry days before the plant begins to bud.
- Purpose: Shape the plant’s framework and rejuvenate growth.
- Summer Pruning
- Timing: June to late August, but avoid extremely hot or sunny days.
- Purpose: Correct the plant’s shape and control excessive vegetative growth.
How to Prune Kiwi Plants: Step-by-Step Guide
Proper pruning techniques ensure a healthy structure and maximize fruit production:
- Build the Framework
- Train a strong main stem vertically and guide horizontal side branches along a trellis or wire frame in both directions.
- Leave about 1 meter (3 feet) of space between horizontal side branches to allow enough room for fruit-bearing shoots.
- Spring Pruning
- Cut back fruiting side shoots from the previous year to short stubs about 5 cm (2 inches) long.
- Remove older, unproductive branches and encourage younger growth, as kiwis only produce fruit on fresh wood.
- Every 3 to 4 years, rejuvenate the plant by removing older, woody growth and replacing it with newer branches.
- Summer Pruning
- Extend horizontal side branches by 1 meter (3 feet) annually, trimming any overgrown shoots.
- Cut back secondary shoots to 1 meter (3 feet) in length to limit excessive growth, as overly long shoots drain energy that could otherwise be used for fruit production.
- Fruits grow from the first 3–6 buds on side shoots, so ensure secondary shoots are evenly distributed across the trellis.
Pro Tip: If your kiwi plant has become overgrown and unmanageable, you can perform a drastic cutback to the lower framework to restore order.
Key Care Tips for Healthy Kiwi Plants
Beyond pruning, proper care is essential for strong, productive kiwi plants:
- Trellis Support: Kiwi vines are vigorous climbers and require a sturdy trellis or support system.
- Water & Fertilization: Regular watering and balanced fertilization are vital for healthy growth and fruiting.