The Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas) is a hardy shrub that grows into a large, impressive shrub or small tree. Known for its colorful autumn foliage and often edible fruit, we provide tips for planting and care.
Cornelian Cherry: Origin and Characteristics
The Cornelian Cherry, also known as the dogwood, belongs to the family of dogwoods (Cornaceae). These hardy shrubs and small trees are found mainly in temperate to subpolar zones of the Northern Hemisphere. They grow in moist meadows, forests, and shrub hedges, with many species originating from North America or East Asia, particularly Japan, Korea, and China. Native dogwood species include the Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas) and the Bloodtwig Dogwood (Cornus sanguinea).
These perennial shrubs typically grow to heights of 2 to 6 meters, often with a similar width. Some species are groundcovers. The leaves of dogwoods are usually opposite and are lance-shaped, elliptical, or ovate. Many deciduous varieties add vibrancy to gardens with brilliant autumn colors and bright yellow or red stems. Some dogwoods are evergreen, such as the Pagoda Dogwood (Cornus controversa).
When Do Dogwoods Bloom?
Dogwoods bloom at different times depending on the species, ranging from February to August.
Planting Dogwoods: Location, Timing, and More
Location:
Dogwoods prefer full sun to partial shade, with the root zone kept cool and moist. They thrive in fresh, well-draining, and nutrient-rich soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. Some species can tolerate more alkaline conditions, such as Cornus alba and Cornus sanguinea.
Planting Procedure:
Dogwoods should be planted at least 3 to 6 meters apart to allow for their growth. If you want to enhance the look, you can plant low-growing perennials around the base to keep the roots shaded and moist.
Best Planting Time:
The best time to plant dogwoods is in autumn (October-November) after leaf drop. This allows the plants to establish their roots. They can also be planted in early spring but require more water during the summer.
Caring for Dogwoods
Watering and Fertilizing:
Dogwoods need plenty of water, especially during dry spells. For healthy growth, fertilize them with an organic slow-release fertilizer in spring.
Pruning:
Many dogwoods are tolerant of pruning. For large shrubs and trees, remove only dead, diseased, or damaged branches. Varieties with colorful stems, like Cornus alba or Cornus sanguinea, can be pruned back annually for vibrant new growth.
Dogwood Diseases and Pests
Dogwoods are generally robust, but they can occasionally suffer from fungal diseases like powdery mildew or root rot in overly wet conditions. The Cornelian Cherry and other dogwoods can also be susceptible to anthracnose, a fungal disease that causes leaf spots and dieback. Regular pruning and removing infected parts can help manage this.
Is Cornus Winter-Hardy?
Most dogwood species are hardy to temperatures as low as -20°C and do not need winter protection except in harsh winters. Potted dogwoods should be protected to avoid root damage.
Propagating Dogwoods
Dogwoods can be propagated by softwood cuttings, hardwood cuttings, or by dividing runners. Seeds are another option but require a cold period for germination.
Are Dogwoods Toxic?
Certain species, like the Bloodtwig Dogwood, are considered mildly toxic if ingested by humans or pets. However, dogwood fruits, such as those from Cornus mas and Cornus kousa, are edible when processed.
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